Divisibility Notation
number theory
States that a divides b when b is an integer multiple of a.
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GCD and LCM Product Relation
number theory
Relates greatest common divisor and least common multiple of nonzero integers.
Euclidean Algorithm Relation
number theory
Reduces a greatest-common-divisor calculation.
Fundamental Theorem of Arithmetic
number theory
Expresses every integer greater than 1 uniquely as prime powers, up to order.
Modular Congruence
number theory
States that two integers have the same remainder modulo n.
Euler's Totient Product Formula
number theory
Computes Euler’s totient from the distinct prime divisors of n.
Euler's Theorem
number theory
Gives a modular-power identity when a and n are coprime.
Fermat's Little Theorem
number theory
Gives a modular-power identity for prime modulus p and a not divisible by p.
Sum of First n Natural Numbers
number theory
Finds the sum from 1 through n.
Sum of First n Squares
number theory
Finds the sum of squares from 1² through n².
Sum of First n Cubes
number theory
Finds the sum of cubes from 1³ through n³.
Triangular Number
number theory
Finds the nth triangular number.